Hydrogeology

obligatory courses

Hydrogeology – place in the system of basic and applied sciences. Origin of groundwater and forms of its occurrence in relation to geology. Hydrogeological properties of rocks. Systematic of groundwater. Mapping hydrogeological regime. The basic laws of groundwater flow (Darcy’s law, permeability coefficient and the method of its determination, intrinsic permeability coefficient). Springs and their characteristic: water intake, exploitation and waters use. Water inflow to the wells (Dupuit’s law). Test pumping in a steady and unsteady conditions. The importance of the springs regime in identifying the regional hydrogeological conditions. Elements of hydrogeological and environmental change and protection cartography. Types of groundwater resources.

The lecture is designed to acquaint a student with:

• defining the role of hydrogeology as a science,

• origin of groundwater (meteoric waters, condensation waters, fossil waters, juvenile waters),

• waters in the unsaturated and saturated zone and the systematic of hydrogeology

• hydrogeological medium and space (porous, fractured and karstic)

• hydrogeological properties of rocks and methodology of their determination (water-storage capacity, gravitational drainage capacity, elastic capacity, hydraulic permeability - permeability coefficient and intrinsic permeability coefficient)

• aquifers characteristic and occurrence of groundwater in different geological structures and environments

- glacial and fluwioglacial sediments

- alluvial sediments

- various forms of tectonics in the pre Quaternary formations

- the role of dislocation zones in the circulation and drainage of groundwater

• the purpose and graphical methods of mapping the occurrence of groundwater (hydrogeological cross-section, hydroizohypse map, hydroisobath map)

• classification, hydrogeological regime and methods of springs research

• the fundamental rights of groundwater flow

- filtration theory, types of the groundwater flow (Smreker-Missbach’s law)

- Darcy’s law and the range of its applicability

- apparent seepage velocity, effective velocity

- groundwater flow rate

• hydrogeological parameters of aquifers and aquifuges

- permeability coefficient (various methods of determining: laboratory methods, empirical formulas and field methods)

- transmissivity coefficient, elastic capacity coefficient

- factor and parameter of seepage through aquifuges

• groundwater intakes (construction of well, basic of projection, well drilling, well efficiency, delimitation of protection zone)

• groundwater resources (types, methods of quantifying)

• hydrogeological cartography (types of hydrogeological maps and the methods of mapping).

After completing the course (lectures and exercises) a student:

- determines hydrogeological properties of rocks

- categorizes rocks according to criterions of permeability and capacity

- categorizes aquifers according to criterions of capacity

- interprets hydroizohypses, hydroisobathes and hydrogeological cross-sections

- classifies and characterizes springs

- names the particular laws ruling the groundwater flow

- distinguishes and identifies the particular elements of groundwater intake

- interprets the contents of basic hydrogeological maps

- recognizes and calculates by different methods (laboratory and field) the hydrogeological parameters of aquifer.

To finally complete the exercise can begin after correctly (credited by the teacher) completion of all tasks. A final assessment of exercises based on the first colloquium with the correction taking into account the quality of completed tasks. Final assessment of the subject on the basis of written exam (to take the exam the student must have a positive assessment of the exercise).

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