International military relations

obowiązkowe

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w sali

Basic information about the organization, mission and structure of armed forces. Armed forces in the contemporary world. The identification of the current status. Armed forces and security policy of selected states (including USA, Russia, China). Collective security at the transatlantic area - NATO, CSDP. Armed forces in crises, armed conflicts, wars - theory and case studies. Missions, peace operations, "stability" operations. Arms control and disarmament. Arms trade. Weapons of mass destruction. Contemporary issues and transformations in military affairs.

1. Introductory classes. The subject and its essential contexts.

a) Basic notions - politics, strategy, doctrine. Strategy, operational level, tactics, art of war. Strategic aspects of international relations. Geopolitics, geostrategy, war geography.

b) Armed forces in a state. The definition. Armed forces in comparison to the other armed/uniformed formations. Armed forces as an instrument in politics, an element of a state structure. Roles, missions, tasks of armed forces. Armed forces as a particular social group, an interest group. Professional and conscripted army. Civilian control of the military. The unity of the military and government.

c) Basic information about the organization and structure of armed forces.

2. Armed forces in the contemporary world. The identification of the current status.

a) The directions of the global balance of power evolution.

b) The size of armed forces, military spending. Comparison of the 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015, 2020 indicators (and the latest accessible data).

c) Military bases. Armed forces deployed outside the home country.

- US Armed Forces in Poland - the scope and character of the presence.

3-5. Armed forces and security policy of selected states.

a) The factors determining the character of national armed forces.

- Armed forces and security policy of the United States,

- Armed forces and security policy of the Russian Federation,

- Armed forces and security policy of People’s Republic of China,

- Armed forces and security policy of...

- Armed forces and security policy of…

- Armed forces and security policy of...

- Armed forces and security policy of Poland.

6-8. Collective security at the transatlantic area.

a) The basic notions - alliance, collective security system, cooperative security.

b) NATO: genesis, participation, the specificity, the organizational structure of civil and military units, the multinational forces, the strategic concept, the operational activity, contemporary issues of the NATO functioning.

- Donald Trump vs. NATO

-The NATO’s reaction to the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine

c) CSDP: the development and current status. The operational activity (main categories, the development directions) and the efforts for the European integration in the domain of security and defence.

- The European army - is it possible and is it necessary?

d) OSCE: regional system of collective security. The scope of interests, activity and reasons of the current crisis.

9. Armed forces in crises, armed conflicts, wars.

a) Crisis, armed conflict, war - the basic notions and categories,

b) Major armed conflicts after the cold war (statistics),

c) Features of contemporary armed conflicts.

- The impact of the climate crisis on emergence and nature of armed conflicts (potential and actual).

d) Cases of selected ongoing armed conflicts:

- The war in Ukraine - means of the confrontation and political significance,

- The war in...

10. Missions, peace operations, "stability" operations.

a) Peace operations - the idea and classification. A quantitative review.

b) Exemplary categories: the UN peacekeeping missions, the NATO out of area missions, the U.S. expeditionary missions.

- Crisis management in practice on the example of a selected operation – specificity and assessment.

11. Arms control and disarmament. Arms trade.

a) Weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear weapon, the contemporary nuclear arsenals.

- Proliferation of nuclear weapons in the 21st century.

b) A review of the essential arms control and disarmament agreements: NPT (+ the nuclear-weapon-free zones), BWC, CWC, ENMOD, CCW, MBT, CCM, CFE, ATT.

c) Arms trade - the basic mechanisms and major entities (states and companies).

12-13. Contemporary issues and transformations in military affairs.

- The military use of UAV's (drones) issues,

- The military use of artificial intelligence (AI) - the essence, examples and main issues,

- Hybrid warfare - the concept, means and cases,

- Disinformation and propaganda as a tool of confrontation – concepts, means and cases,

- Cyberspace as an area of confrontation.

Basic lierature:

The Military Balance (newest edition available)

SIPRI Yearbook. Armaments, disarmaments and international security (last few editions)

Paul Williams (ed.), Security Studies. An introduction, Routledge, London 2008 (or the newer edition from 2018) – selected chapters

Ch. Moskos (ed.), Postmodern military, Armed Forces after the Cold War, New York 2000

M. D. Cavelty, V. Mauer (ed.): The Routledge Handbook of Security Studies, London-New York 2012

Supplementary literature:

- Thinking Strategically, The Royal College of Defence Studies, London 2010, https://www.hdaau.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/rcdsstrategyhandbook.pdf

- The Armed Forces. Roles and responsibilities in good security sector governance, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/195684/DCAF_BG_10_The%20Armed%20Forces.11.15-1.pdf

- Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense—Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service 2023, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R43838.pdf

- K. Raik, M. Aaltola, J. Kallio, K. Pynnoniemi, The Security Strategies of the US, China, Russia and the EU. Living in different worlds, Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Helsinki 2018, https://www.fiia.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/fiia_report56_web_security-strategies.pdf

- Strategic documents of the discussed states

- NATO Handbook, NATO 2006, https://www.nato.int/docu/handbook/2006/hb-en-2006.pdf

- T. Tardy (ed.), NATO's New Strategic Concept, Research Division. NATO Defense College - Rome 2022, https://frstrategie.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/autres/2022/NDC_RP_25.pdf

- J. Rehrl, Handbook on CSDP. The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union, European Security and Defence College 2021, https://www.egmontinstitute.be/app/uploads/2021/06/CSDP-HANDBOO-4th-edition.pdf

- N. Tocci, The Paradox of Europe’s Defense Moment, "The Strategist" Vol 6, No. 1, Winter 2022/2023, https://tnsr.org/2023/01/the-paradox-of-europes-defense-moment/

- A.M. Obermeier, S.A. Rustad, Conflict Trends: A Global Overview, 1946–2022, Peace Research Institute Oslo 2023, https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/dc754702-b1ec-4787-97bb-7a41f187036a/Obermeier%20%20Rustad%20-%20Conflict%20Trends%20A%20Global%20Overview%201946-2022%20PRIO%20Paper%202023.pdf?inline=true,

- A. Day, A. Gorur, V.K. Holt, C.T. Hunt, The Political Practice of Peacekeeping: How strategies for Peace Operations are developed and implemented, United Nations University 2020, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/political-practice-peacekeeping-how-strategies-peace-operations-are-developed-and

- S. Tulliu, T. Schmalberger, Coming to Terms with Security: A Lexicon for Arms Control, Disarmament and Confidence-Building, UNIDIR 2003, https://unidir.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/coming-to-terms-with-security-a-lexicon-for-arms-control-disarmament-and-confidence-building-en-547.pdf

- P.D. Wezeman, J. Gadon, S.T. Wezeman, Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2022, SIPRI, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/2303_at_fact_sheet_2022_v2.pdf

- J.R. Hoehn, P.K. Kerr, Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Current and Potential Programs, Congressional Research Service, 2022, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47067

- F.E. Morgan, B. Boudreaux (et al.), Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Ethical Concerns in an Uncertain World, RAND 2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR3139-1.html

- M. Weissmann, N. Nilsson, B. Palmertz, P. Thunholm (eds.), Hybrid Warfare. Security and Asymmetric Conflict in International RelationsBloomsbury Publishing, Dublin 2021, https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58862/9781786736550.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

- L. Haiden, J. ALthuis (eds.), Fake News. A Roadmap, NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence 2018, https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/fake-news-a-roadmap/137

- Applied Cybersecurity Handbook, European Commission Tempus Project, https://ecesm.net/sites/default/files/Dev.2.4-v1_new.pdf

- M. Górka, A Definitional Framework for Cyber Warfare. The Ukrainian Aspect, Polish Political Science Yearbook vol. 51 (2022), https://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/images/pliki/ppsy/51/ppsy202272.pdf

Student should acquire basic knowledge about armed forces; their roles, missions, functions in the state and international relations. Should develop elementary skills to analyze international situation taking into consideration military factor. Should be aware of the diversified consequences (including social ones) of the use of military factor in international relations

(K-W01; K-W03; K-W04; K-W05; K-U01; K-U02; K-K01)

The conditions for passing:

1) active participation in the classes,

2) individual presentation,

3) final test.

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