Optometric tools

Knowledge of geometrical and physiological optics, enabling understanding of the functioning of devices discussed during the lecture.

Classroom

The lecture discusses the operation of optometric instruments used in the analysis of visual defects and ocular disorders, with particular emphasis on the physical basis of the instruments' operation.

The lecture discusses the operation of instruments used in optometry, ophthalmology and ophthalmic optics, according to the topics:

– basic concepts and physical methods of visual system analysis;

– devices for subjective measurement of eye refraction: optometers, (auto)refractometers, skiascopes/retinoscopes, biometers, Shack-Hartmann aberrometers;

– devices used in subjective measurement of refraction (a.k.a. visual acuity testing) – phoropters, ophthalmic lens cassettes, trial frames, color tests, crossed cylinders, polarized glasses/stereotests, flippers;

– corneal measuring devices: keratometers, corneal topographers, Scheimpflug cameras, Placido aberrometers, pachymeters;

– devices for imaging the eye: slit lamps, ophthalmoscopes (including scanning), funduscopes (including Volk lenses) and funduscopes, optical tomographs (OCT), confocal and specular microscopes, gonioscopes;

– devices for measuring visual function: tonometers, perimeters, adaptometers, ophthalmographs, electroretinographs, visual evoked potentials (VEP);

– special and therapeutic devices: optical endoscopy, fluorescence methods, virtual and augmented reality goggles, syntonics, meters ;

– devices in the ophthalmic optician's workshop: spherometers, telescope and electronic dioptrometers, polariscopes, pupillometers.

[1] J. Nowak, M. Zając, Optyka : kurs elementarny, Oficyna Wydaw. Polit. Wroc., Wrocław 1998.

[2] M. Zając, Optyka okularowa, Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2003.

[3] M. Zając, Optyka okularowa, Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław 2007.

[4] A. Styszyński, Korekcja wad wzroku - procedury badania refrakcji, Alfa Medica Press, 2019.

[5] A. H. Tunnacliffe, J. G. Hirst, Optics, ABDO College of Education, 2007.

[6] G. Smith, D.A Atchison, The Eye and Visual Optical Instruments, 2008.

[7] D. A. Atchison, A. Bradley, L. Thibos, and G. Smith, "Useful Variations of the Badal Optometer," in Vision Science and its Applications, Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1995), paper SaE7.

and materials -- instrument manuals and scientific publications provided by the lecturer.

Knowledge: after passing the lecture the student knows and understands

B.W6 natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter

B.W8 physical basis of non-invasive imaging methods

B.W9 physical basis of selected therapeutic techniques, including ultrasound and irradiation

Skills: after completing the lecture, the student is able to

B.U1 use knowledge of the laws of physics to explain the effects of external factors such as temperature, acceleration, pressure, electromagnetic field and ionizing radiation on the body and its components

Social competence: after passing the lecture, the student is ready to:

K_K8 formulate conclusions from their own measurements or observations

K_K13 lifelong learning, including the use of the latest professional literature (including foreign language) and the advice of experts

During the exam, the student(s) should demonstrate knowledge of the topics covered in the lectures, in particular, draw and explain diagrams of optometric instruments and discuss the physical principles they use.

The demonstration part of the lecture is scored on the basis of attendance and commitment.

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