Visual perception

(in Polish) Student zna i rozumie zagadnienia będące przedmiotem wykładów

- anatomia i neurofizjologia układu wzrokowego (1100-2BO04)

- optometria I (1100-2BO12)

- podstawy patologii układu wzrokowego (1100-2BO26)

Lecture for the 3rd year of European Studies of Ophthalmic Optics and Optometry, devoted to selected issues of properly formed visual perception, as well as its development and disorders. The lecture considers in particular the clinical aspects of visual perception and the consequences of its disorders for optometric examination.

1. Photoreceptors - duplex retina: properties of rhodopsin, sensitivity curve of cones and rods, spatial summation, Purkinje phenomenon, dark adaptation curve, Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind.

2. Visual pathway: bipolar cells, ganglion cells, receptive fields, Rico's law, Magno and Parvo pathways.

3. Visual cortex: simple cell, complex cell, hypercomplex cell, hypercolumn, grandmother cell hypothesis, ventral and dorsal streams.

4. Photometry: photopic luminocity function, luminous power, luminous intensity, luminance, illuminance, light sources, filters.

5. Color vision: trichromatic theory, opponent color theory, metamers, subtractive and additive mixing, color perception (hue, saturation, brightness), Abney effect, Bezold-Brücke phenomenon, Stiles-Crawford effect of the 2nd kind (SCE II), CIE system.

6. Color vision anomalies: anomalous trichromatism, dichromatism, monochromatism, acquired color vision disorders, color vision tests (pseudoisochromatic tests, arrangement tests, anomaloscope).

7. Spatial vision: contrast sensitivity function, tilt after-effect, size after-effect, Mach band, visual acuity, size / orientation / shape constancy.

8. Temporal aspects of vision: temporal summation and temporal resolution, Bloch's law, temporal modulation transfer function, critical flicker fusion frequency, Broca-Sulzer effect, Talbot-Plateau law.

9. Motion perception: Helmholtz theory, delay-and-compare detector, motion speed perception, apparent motion, wagon wheel effect, global motion, random-dot kinematogram, Pinna illusion, vection, biological motion.

10. Depth perception: retinal disparity, stereopsis, random-dot stereograms, physiological basis of depth perception, vergence, monocular cues enabling depth perception, size constancy.

11. Attention and neglect: role of attention in perception, change blindness, visual search, feature integration theory, attention in visual cortex, left neglect.

12. Face perception: face recognition, caricatures, emotions, categorical perception, prosopagnosia.

13. Development and aging of vision: preferential vision, children's vision (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, scotopic vision, flicker perception, motion perception, color vision, depth perception, face recognition), amblyopia, aging of vision (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, scotopic vision, color vision, depth perception, temporal information processing).

14. Introduction to psychophysical methods: sensitivity threshold, Weber's law.

15. Introduction to electrophysiological tests: ecetrooculogram, electroretinogram, visual evoked potentials.

16. Vision in action: eye movements, eye , visual agnosias.

1. Robert Snowden, Peter Thompson, Tom Troscianko, "Basic Vision - an Introduction to Visual Perception", Oxford University Pess, Oxford, Rev. Ed. 2012.

2. Steven H. Schwartz, "Visual Perception a Clinical Orientation", Mc Graw Hill Medical, New York, 2009, 4th ed.

3. Pierre Buser, Michel Imbert, "Vision", Bradford Books, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 1992.

4. Zhong-Lin Lu i Barbara Dosher, "Visual Psychophysics. From Laboratory to Theory" The MIT Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 2014

After listening to the lecture and independently studying the recommended materials, the student

a) knows and understands, to an advanced degree, facts, theories and complex interrelationships in the field of visual perception

b) is able to independently plan his own lifelong learning and communicate with the public justifying his position on the problems of visual perception

(c) is ready to cultivate and disseminate models of appropriate behavior in and outside the work environment

Written exam