Physical Chemistry Laboratory IB

obligatory courses

Laboratory experiments are related to the essential sections of the contents of the physical chemistry I lecture. The students work in two person groups under supervision of a teaching assistant. 10 (level B) or 6 (level A) experiments are to be completed by every group. The experiments are divided into two thematic sections: I – thermodynamics and phase equilibria, II – termochemistry and properties of the matter. In every section the experiments are strictly related to the scientific topic of the section. Time of a single experiment – 5 hrs.

The aim of the course is to provide students with knowledge of methods and equipment used in determination of basic properties of physical systems. These properties include viscosity, surface tension, dipole momentum and osmotic pressure. The students investigate phase equilibria in single component and binary systems, the energetic effects of phase transitions are determined. An user written, non-commercial computer software, is used for determination of thermodynamic functions of binary systems of non-electrolytes (Universal Functional Activity Coefficient – UNIFAC method).

Laboratory – 60 hrs.

Individual preparation to each experiment– 10 x 4 hrs. = 40 hrs.

Evaluation of the results and final report preparation - 10 x 4 hrs. = 40 hrs.

Total - ca.140 hrs.

1. P.W. Atkins, Chemia Fizyczna, PWN, Warszawa, 2001

2. G.M.Barrow, Chemia Fizyczna, PWN, Warszawa 1978

3. R. Brdička, Podstawy Chemii Fizycznej, PWN, Warszawa 1970

4. H. Buchowski, W. Ufnalski, Elementy termodynamiki chemicznej Oficyna Wydawnicza PW, Warszawa 1993

5. Chemia Fizyczna – Ćwiczenia Laboratoryjne I, Wyd.UW, Warszawa 2002.

6. H.D. Forsterling, H. Kuhn Eksperymentalna chemia fizyczna, WNT Warszawa 1976

7. K. Pigoń, Z. Ruziewicz, Chemia Fizyczna. PWN, 2005

8. Praca zbiorowa, Chemia fizyczna, PWN, Warszawa, 1980.

9. W. Ufnalski, K. Mądry, Excel dla chemików...i nie tylko, WNT, Warszawa, 2000.

10. S. Malanowski, Równowaga ciecz-para. Oznaczanie, obliczanie, zastosowanie, PWN, Warszawa, 1974.

11. L. Sobczyk, A. Kisza, K. Gatner, A. Koll, Eksperymentalna chemia fizyczna, PWN, Warszawa 1982.

12. Fizyka Chemiczna, red. M. J. Janik, PWN, Warszawa 1989

13. A. Chełkowski, Fizyka dielektryków, PWN, Warszawa 1993.

14. L.Sobczyk, A.Kisza, Chemia Fizyczna dla przyrodników, PWN, Warszawa 1975

15. Skrypt Chemia Fizyczna - Ćwiczenia Laboratoryjne I, W-wa 2002, Wyd. UW

After completing the course the student is expected to:

• define, explain and use various terms from the fields of: termodynamics, termochemistry, properties of the matter, This include: State functions: enthalpy, enthropy, free energy, free enthalpy, van't Hoff isotherm and isobar, heat capacity and molar heat capacity; chemical potential. Ideal gas law. Real gases, van der Waals equation, real gas and ideal gas isotherms., Clausius- Clapeyron relation. Raoult’s law, Dalton’s law. Gibbs-Duhem equation. Colligative properties. Gibbs triangle. partition law; extraction.

• present principles of Gibbs phase rule,

• define laws of thermodynamics

• explain phenomena of osmosis and osmotic pressure,

• determine surface tension, dipole momentum of a molecule and viscosity of a fluid

• calculate energetic effects of chemical reactions on the basis of literature data and Hess law

• predict changes of thermodynamic functions during phase transitions and chemical reactions.

• know relations between thermodynamic functions

• interpret phase diagrams for single component and multiple component systems

• describe thermodynamic properties of mixtures of liquids

• define and use the following terms: azeotrope and zeotrope

• determine equilibrium constants on the basis of thermodynamic data,

• evaluate influence of various factors on equilibrium state

• have skills of using experimental methods required for determination of abovementioned parameters.

Level B

The students must pass an entrance test before being eligible for starting the experiment. The entrance test checks students' knowledge of: (i) the experiment fundamentals, (ii) the purpose of the experiment, (iii) methods of the measurements; and (iv) equipment to be used in the experiment. Evaluated results of the experiment must be reported to teaching assistant in a written form as a final report.

Once all the experiments in a specified thematic section have been completed, the students take midterm exam covering scientific topics of the section. All the experiments must be completed and all the final reports must be evaluated positively in order to be eligible to take the midterm exam.

To obtain the course credit the student must: (i) complete all the laboratories; (ii) all the final reports must be evaluated positively; and (iii) the student must pass both midterm exams.

Points:

 entrance test – 0,5-3 points

 Final report - 0 –2 points

 Midterm exam - 0 – 20 points (minimum 10 points required for passing)

The points earned for the experiments are averaged. Maximum number of the points to be earned for each experiment: 5

Total number of points earned in both midterm exams and average number of points for the experiments will determine the final grade.

Maximum number of points to be earned in the semester: 50

Conversion between points and grades:

 points: 26,0 – 31,5 grade: 3

 31,6 – 36,5 grade: 3+

 36,6 – 41,5 grade: 4

 41,6 – 46,5 grade: 4+

 46,6 – 50 grade: 5

Does not concern