Selected issues of linguistic borderland

obligatory courses

Before starting the classes it is advisable to repeat information acquired in previous years, the knowledge about the development of Belarusian language and a structure of Belarusian dialects.

During the course lasting one semester (30 hrs.) there will be discussed the Polish-Belarusian-Baltic, the Polish-Belarusian-Ukrainian and Belarusian-Russian borderland. Particular emphasis is placed on the specificity of the Belarusian dialects in Poland and Polish in Belarus taking into account the historical dates of linguistic intensify contacts between the two nations or interfering in these contacts.

At the beginning the bilingualism and even multilingualism in the history of Belarusis considered, as well as the ethnic composition of the country.

Since the interference referrs mainly to spoken language (dialectic) - with the exception of the Russian-Belarusian influences that occur at both dialectic and literary language - during the course there are discussed the relationships between Belarusian dialects with the dialects of neighboring nations: north-eastern dialect with the western regions of Russia dialects and south-western dialect with Ukrainian and Polish dialects. There is also underlined the role of the Lithuanian substrate.

During the characterization of the Polish-Belarusian-Lithuanian language border there is discussed Belarusian language of north-eastern Poland and Polish language of northeastern borderlands: the emergence of Polish regions in the Vilnius region, the impact of the Belarusian language on the Polish borderland language, the Lithuanian influences in Belarusian and Polish languages, ways of Slavising Lithuanian words and Slavic influence in the Lithuanian language. The attention is also paid to the circumstances of using Polish language - depending on the caller ("their", "stranger"), and generational differences.

On the basis of transitional dialects and mixed on the Polish-Belarusian-Ukrainian border there are shown cross-linguistic phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic influence of three sides of the border, with particular emphasis of Podlasie - the Belarusian-Ukrainian language border in the Bialystok region, the most important linguistic phenomena in dialects between Bug and Narew, trends in Belarusian and Ukrainian dialects surrounding Bialowieza Forrest.

Characteristics of the Belarusian-Russian linguistic borderland concerns the interference at the level of dialects and literary languages. There are presented the relationships between the north-eastern dialect with the dialects of western regions of Russia, Belarusian features in the southern dialect of Russian language, a reflection of the former Russian-Belarusian linguistic interference in the dialect of Old Believers in Poland.

In these Belarusian borderlands interpenetration of influence affects not only language, but also cultural and religious influences, which in turn reflects in the ambiguous approach to the issue of national identity. All of these factors are intertwined and therefore can not be ignored, speaking of linguistic interference. They are an important element of consideration when the characteristics of the language border issues.

1. Atlas gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny, t.1, Ossolineum 1980.

2. Barszczewska N., Chaustowicz M., Timoszuk M. (red.), Kulturowo-językowe dziedzictwo Podlasia, t. 1, Warszawa 2016.

3. Barszczewska N., Głuszkowska J., Jasińska T., Polsko-wschodniosłowiańskie związki językowe w mikrotoponimii północno-wschodniej Polski, [w:] Badania dialektów i onomastyki na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim, Białystok 1995.

4. Barszczewska N., Głuszkowska J., Kilka przykładów wpływu języka polskiego na składnię gwar białoruskich i ukraińskich Białostocczyzny, [w:] Ze studiów nad gwarami wschodniosłowiańskimi w Polsce, Lublin 1997.

5. Bednarczuk L., Stosunki etnolingwistyczne na obszarze Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, [w:] Dzieje Lubelszczyzny VI, Lublin 1992.

6. Dejna K. Językowa przynależność gwar brzesko-pińskich, [w:] Języki i literatury wschodniosłowiańskie, Łódź 1976.

7. Grek-Pabisowa I., Słownictwo rosyjskiej wyspy gwarowej staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce, Ossolineum 1983.

8. Grek-Pabisowa I., Ostrówka M., Biesiadowska-Magdziarz B., Język polski na Białorusi Radzieckiej w okresie międzywojennym. Polszczyzna pisana. Polszczyzna mówiona, Warszawa 2009.

9. Jankowiak M., Gwary białoruskie na Łotwie w rejonie krasławskim. Studium socjolingwistyczne, Warszawa 2009.

10. Klimczuk F., Ab suadnosinach havorak Brescka-Pinskaha Palessja i Padlaszsza, [w:] Badania dialektów i onomastyki na pograniczu polsko-wschodniosłowiańskim, Białystok 1995.

11. Kuraszkiewicz W., Ruthenica, Warszawa 1985.

12. Kurzowa Z., Język polski Wileńszczyzny i kresów północno-wschodnich w XVI-XX w., Warszawa-Kraków 1985.

13. Pytanni bilinhvizmu i uzaemadzejannja mou, Minsk 1982.

14. Sajewicz M., Derywacja sufiksalna osobowych nazw subiektów w nadnarwiańskich gwarach Białostocczyzny, Lublin 2002

15. Smoczyński W., Zapożyczenia słowiańskie w litewskiej gwarze puńskiej, [w:] Studia nad gwarami Białostocczyzny, Warszawa 1984.

16. Smułkowa E., Białoruś i pogranicza, Warszawa 2002.

17. Smułkowa E. (red.), Język a tożsamość na pograniczu kultur, Białystok 2000.

18. Smułkowa E., Engelking A. (red.), Pogranicza Białorusi w perspektywie interdyscyplinarnej, Warszawa 2007.

19. Turska H., O powstawaniu polskich obszarów na Wileńszczyźnie, [w:] Studia nad polszczyzną kresową, t.1. Ossolineum 1982.

20. Zdancewicz T., Nazwy terenowe i miejscowe z litewskimi apelatywami geograficznymi bala, brasta, raistas, lanka, pieva na Suwalszczyźnie, [w:] Studia nad gwarami Białostocczyzny, Warszawa 1984.

After completing the course,

1. KNOWLEDGE: student understands and has an in-depth knowledge of

- subject and methodological characteristics of research in Belarusian studies as well as terminology used in this area

- main theories of literary and language studies and linguistics-based research methodologies

- basic trends in Belarusian studies

- the role of Belarus in the modern world and its influence on the development of Belarusian literature and the Belarusian language

- the process of the development of the literary language in Belarus

- the influence of politics and history on the development of the Belarusian literary language

- regional reasons for developing varieties of the Belarusian language

- characteristics of Belarusian literature or the Belarusian language in connection with other languages or literature of other countries

2. SKILLS: student can

- prepare comparative literary or linguistic analyses on his or her own, using relevant methods and research tools

- evaluate the role of particular linguistic occurrences from the diachronic and synchronic perspective

- evaluate the role of particular linguistic occurrences against the background of the current socio-political situation in Belarus and its borderland

- use an advanced terminology of language studies in the process of analysing linguistic occurrences

-present theories of researchers of Belarusian literature and the Belarusian language as well as draw conclusions about the development of the language and literature and present synthetic overviews

- identify the role of specific historical events for the development of Belarusian literature and the Belarusian language in the context of European history

- individually gain knowledge and broaden his or her research skills as well as increase competencies for the professional career

3. SOCIAL COMPETENCES: student is ready to

- take active part in initiatives undertaken to preserve cultural heritage, including the heritage of Belarus

- take regular part in cultural life, including the cultural life of Belarus, using various media and its forms

- presence and activity in the classroom,

- current preparation for classes,

- current oral and written test, constituing the final exam,

- examination (oral)