The Holocaust - civilians during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

general courses

In this lecture, I would like to discuss the origins, course and ongoing effects of the Nazi occupation authorities' near-total annihilation of the Jewish population living in the territories of eastern and southeastern Europe.

In this lecture, I would like to discuss the origins, course and ongoing effects of the Nazi occupation authorities' near-total annihilation of the Jewish population living in the territories of eastern and southeastern Europe.

The territorial framework of the issues under study is set by the eastern borders of the so-called "settlement zone" of the Jewish population in the Czarist Empire and the eastern border of the Habsburg Empire, on the one hand, and the eastern borders of Poland today, on the other.

The second part of the lecture will deal with the fate of the Jewish civilian population, separately men, women and children, during their stay in ghettos and extermination camps at the time when the German authorities carried out deportation operations to extermination centers and mass murders in places where the Jewish population lived.

1. at the genesis of the Holocaust. Archipelago of the shtetl. Jews in the Polish Eastern Borderlands in the interwar period.

Forms of settlement, linguistic and professional structure, religious divisions, political, cultural and social activities.

2. Between greater and lesser evils. The outbreak of World War II and the position of the Jewish population in the Soviet occupation belt (1939-1941) in the light of Jewish memoirs and official (Soviet and Polish) state documents.

3 - Did the Jews betray the Polish state? Accusations of mass collaboration with Soviet authorities and mass advancement in the new socio-administrative structures. Confrontation of official documents and popular opinion, analysis of official documents, statistics, reports of state and party instances.

4 For ethnic purity. The Jewish question in the programs of Lithuanian and Ukrainian nationalist groups.

5. insurmountable foreignness. Borderland Jews and their attitudes in the opinion of the Polish armed conspiracy under Soviet occupation. Analysis of the underground press, documents of the Polish Underground State, reports sent to London.

6. "To secure the occupied territories". The outbreak of the German-Soviet war and the first pacification operations of the Einsatzgruppen SS and the security police. Dispute over the genesis of the Holocaust, the tasks of the Einsatzgruppen based on an analysis of German reports.

7. "Mrs. Marx's pillow". Wave of local pogroms against the Jewish population by local Christians in the belt of the former Soviet occupation.

8. Voluntary accomplices. Exterminationist anti-Jewish actions of Lithuanian and Latvian nationalist formations.

9. what is to be a free Ukraine? Mass pogroms of Jews in cities and villages in so-called Western Ukraine.

10. alliance obliges. Extermination actions and pogroms in Bukovina by Romanian troops and the local Christian population.

11. neighbors. Jedwabne, other pogroms in Podlasie.

12. With iron consistency. German extermination policy in Ostland 1941-1943, stages, methods, consequences.

13. Friedrich Katzmann - official and executioner. Extermination of Jews in the Galicia district, in the hinterland of Ukraine and Bessarabia. Benefits to the German economy from the seizure of Jewish property, the economic machine based on looting.

14 The struggle for life. Resistance in ghettos and labor camps, participation of Jews in Soviet partisans. Extermination camps and ghettos as a phenomenon of the Second World War.

15. The balance of the Holocaust of the Jewish population in Eastern Europe, attempts to rebuild social life by the few rescued, emigration.

Browning Christopher R., The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942, Lincoln-Jerusalem 2004.

Collaboration and Resistance during the Holocaust. Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, red. D. Gaunt, P.A. Levine, L. Palosuo, Bern 2004.

Eckman Lester, Lazar Chaim, The Jewish Resistance. The history of the Jewish partisans in Lithuania and White Russia during the Nazi occupation 1940-1945, New York 1977

Greenbaum Masha, The Jews of Lithuania. A history of a remarkable community 1316-1945, Jerusalem 1995

Gross Jan T., Revolution from abroad. The soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia, Princeton 1988.

Held Thomas, Vom Pogrom zum Massenmord. Die Vernichtung der juedischen Bevoelkerung Lembergs im Zweiten Weltkrieg (w:) Lemberg - Lwów - Lviv. Eine Stadt im Schnittpunkt europaeischer Kulturen, hrsg. P. Faessler, Koeln 1993, s. 112

Hilberg Raul, The Destruction of the European Jews, Chicago 1967

Ioanid Radu, The Holocaust in Romania. The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944, Chicago 2000

Jews in Eastern Poland and the USSR, 1939-1946, red. D. Norman, A. Polonsky, London 1991.

Kaczerginsky Shmul, Destruction of Jewish Vilna. Khurbn Vilne, New York 1947

Katz Jacob, Jews and Freemasons in Europe 1723-1939, Cambridge Mass. 1970

Lazar Chaim, Destruction and Resistance, New York 1985

Levin Dov, Baltic Jews under the Soviet 1940-1946, Jerusalem 1994

Littelstone L., The light from Lithuania: the rise and fall of Lithuanian yeshivot [w:] Vilniaus zydu nacionaline mokykla, Vilnius 1991

Lubachko Ivan S., Belorussia under Soviet Rule 1917-1957, Lexington 1972

The Einsatzgruppen Report: Selections from the Dispatches of the Nazi Death Squads' Campaign against the Jews in Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union, July 1941 - January 1943, red. Y. Arad, S. Krakowski, S. Spektor, Jerusalem 1989.

The Final Solution. Origins and Implementation, red. D. Cesarani, London-New York 1994 (1997)

The Jews in Poland, ed. Chimen Abramsky, Maciej Jachimczyk, Anthony Polonsky, Oxford 1986

The Jews in Soviet Russia since 1917, ed. Lionel Kochan, Oxford 1970

The Jews in the Soviet satellites, red. P. Meyer i in., Syracuse 1953

Toward Modernity. The European Jewish model, ed. Jacob Katz, New Brunswick-Oxford 1987

Żbikowski Andrzej, Poles and Jews in the Kresy Wschodnie - Interethnic Relations in the Borderlands, "Jahrbuch des Simon Dubnow-Instituts" 2002, nr 1

The student should

learn the national and religious characteristics of the region, learn the

basic concepts and principles of dominant religions, understand the genesis and

essence of national and ethnic conflicts, learn about the

the process of extermination of the Jewish population.

Knowledge

The student has an expanded interdisciplinary knowledge of the Holocaust of European Jews during World War II. The student knows and understands the mechanisms of local political relations and their impact on the current politics of the countries of the study area. The student acquires an in-depth knowledge of the history of Jewish communities in the region and understands their cultural diversity. The student acquires an understanding of the main global problems and the functioning of international institutions affecting the history of the Jews during the years of World War 2; has knowledge of the main policies of Nazi Germany and other countries in the region, their significance and impact on the international situation, has a thorough knowledge of the political and cultural relations between Poland and the countries of the region at that time. The student acquires a thorough knowledge of research methods in contemporary social and political sciences and a thorough knowledge of specialized terminology on the Holocaust of European Jews, including in a foreign language of choice. The student acquires a comprehensive knowledge and in-depth understanding of selected trends and positions of contemporary humanities and social sciences toward Nazi crimes against European Jews. He/she also becomes familiar with professional search tools oriented to the fields of humanities and social sciences, with a particular focus on the selected specialized discipline and its issues.

[K_W01, K_W02, K_W03, K_W04, K_W05, K_W06, K_W07, K_W08, K_W09, K_W10, K_W11, K_W12].

Skills

Upon completion of the course cycle, the student has the methodological foundations and analytical skills to identify, diagnose and forecast the directions of social, economic, political, cultural and ethnic changes in the area of interest. The student has an in-depth knowledge of the Holocaust of European Jews.

The student is able to properly design his own research process, knows how to discuss topics related to the subject of the lecture, has the ability to compare different mechanisms of nationality transformations of the countries of the region. The student acquires the skills of perceiving and interpreting contemporary literature and various fields of art of the region of interest, and understands the context of their creation and functioning, especially relating to the sphere of contacts of the Jewish minority with the dominant population in European countries. [K_U01 - K_U08].

Social competencies

During the course, the student acquires the following social competencies: understands the need for continuous training and professional development, is prepared to undertake research work and third degree studies; becomes sensitive to problems arising from cultural differences; participates in various forms of activity in the field of international relations, has a deepened awareness of the importance of the principles of interethnic and interconfessional coexistence for the formation of social ties.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Oral or written exam

Attendance in class